J. Auleytner POLITYKA SPO�ECZNA SPIS ROZDZIA��W Przedmowa do wydania III.................................................................................... 17 I. TEORETYCZNE PODSTAWY NAUKI O POLITYCE SPO�ECZNEJ 1. Polityka spo�eczna jako dzia�alno�� i jako dyscyplina naukowa................. 21 2. Kwestia socjalna jako przedmiot nauki o polityce spo�ecznej .................... 61 3. Polityka spo�eczna w programach lat okupacji (1939 - 1945) .................... 92 4. Doktryny polityki spo�ecznej ...................................................................... 99 5. Liberalizm i jego niekt�re szko�y spo�eczne...............................................107 6. My�l narodowa, agraryzm i konserwatyzm a polityka spo�eczna...............152 7. Socjalizm i jego niekt�re szko�y spo�eczne.................................................169 8. Doktryna socjalna Ko�cio�a katolickiego i prawos�awnego........................192 9. Katolicyzm spo�eczny w Polsce..................................................................211 lO.Ekorozw�j ...................................................................................................231 II. PODMIOTY POLITYKI SPO�ECZNEJ I ICH AKTYWNO�� 11.Organizacja Narod�w Zjednoczonych jako podmiot globalnej polityki spo�ecznej ....................................................................................................245 12.1nstytucje europejskiej polityki spo�ecznej .................................................272 13.Pa�stwowe podmioty polskiej polityki spo�ecznej .....................................306 14.Fundusze celowe i sk�adkowe w polityce spo�ecznej..................................404 15. Samorz�d terytorialny jako lokalny podmiot polityki spo�ecznej................421 l�.Pozapa�stwowe podmioty polityki spo�ecznej............................................463 17.Zako�czenie- prognoza polskiej polityki spo�ecznej..................................481 SPIS TRE�CI Przedmowa do wydania III.................................................................................... 17 I. TEORETYCZNE PODSTAWY NAUKI O POLITYCE SPO�ECZNEJ 1. Polityka spo�eczna jako dzia�alno�� i jako dyscyplina naukowa.................. 21 1.1 Geneza polityki spo�ecznej................................................................. 21 1.2. Nauka wobec konfliktu kapita� - praca.............................................. 22 1.3. Poj�cie polityka spo�eczna w Polsce do II wojny �wiatowej ............. 23 1.4. Poj�cie polityka spo�eczna w Polsce powojennej .............................. 28 1.5. Polityka spo�eczna w latach stalinizmu.............................................. 31 1.6. Nauka o polityce spo�ecznej po 1957................................................. 32 1.7. Nauka o polityce spo�ecznej po 1989................................................. 38 1.8. M. Weber i jego krytyka nauk spo�ecznych ....................................... 42 1.9. Odpowied� aksjolog�w...................................................................... 45 1.10. Zwolennicy kompromisu naukowego ................................................ 47 1.11. Polityka spo�eczna w systemie nauk .................................................. 49 1.12. Prekursorzy w nauce o polityce spo�ecznej........................................ 53 1.13. Podsumowanie ................................................................................... 59 2. Kwestia socjalna jako przedmiot nauki o polityce spo�ecznej...................... 61 2.1. Kwestia socjalna jako swoisty koszt post�pu..................................... 61 2.2. Naukowa tradycja poj�cia kwestia spo�eczna .................................... 62 2.2.1. Ewolucjonizm kwestii socjalnej .................................................. 62 2.2.2. Teoria asymetrii ........................................................................... 63 2.2.3. Teoria nier�wno�ci....................................................................... 64 2.2.4. Teoria sprzeczno�ci spo�ecznych ................................................. 67 2.2.5. Teoria zawodno�ci �adu spo�ecznego........................................... 68 2.3. Wymiary kwestii spo�ecznej .............................................................. 71 2.3.1. Wymiar lokalny ........................................................................... 71 2.3.2. Wymiar narodowy ....................................................................... 73 2.3.3. Wymiar globalny ......................................................................... 76 2.4. Polska kwestia spo�eczna w XX wieku.............................................. 78 2.4.1. Dualne pojmowanie kwestii spo�ecznej ....................................... 78 2.4.2. Brak historii polityki spo�ecznej .................................................. 79 2.4.3. Podej�cie podmiotowe do kwestii spo�ecznej .............................. 80 2.4.4. Podej�cie przedmiotowe do kwestii spo�ecznej ........................... 83 2.5. Pr�ba zdefiniowania kwestii spo�ecznej ............................................ 86 2.6. Podsumowanie ................................................................................... 89 3. Polityka spo�eczna w programach lat okupacji (1939-1944) ....................... 92 3.1. W poszukiwaniu nowego �adu ........................................................... 92 3.2. Koncepcje socjalistyczne (nie komunistyczne).................................. 92 3.3. Koncepcje narodowe.......................................................................... 94 3.4. Koncepcje chadeckie.......................................................................... 96 3.5. Koncepcje agrarne.............................................................................. 97 Doktryny polityki spo�ecznej ....................................................................... 99 4.1. Doktryny polityki spo�ecznej jako problem badawczy ...................... 99 4.2. Funkcje doktryn polityki spo�ecznej ..................................................103 4.3. Niekt�re metodologiczne problemy doktryn polityki spo�ecznej................................................................107 Liberalizm i jego niekt�re szko�y spo�eczne ................................................110 5.1. Za�o�enia i nurty ................................................................................110 5.2. Brytyjski model liberalnej polityki spo�ecznej pa�stwa ....................115 5.2.1. Ewolucja socjalnej roli pa�stwa...................................................115 5.2.2. Edukacja jako spos�b odnawiania �yciowych szans ...................117 5.3. Niemiecki model socjalnej gospodarki rynkowej ..............................120 5.3.1. Sytuacja powojenna - w poszukiwaniu nowego �adu ..................120 5.3.2. Zasady socjalnej gospodarki rynkowej ........................................122 5.3.3. Socjalna gospodarka rynkowa w praktyce...................................124 5.3.4. Zasada pluralizmu w polityce spo�ecznej ....................................126 5.4 Spo�eczny empiryzm pa�stwa polskiego lat 1918-1939 .....................130 5.4.1. Sp�r o czas pracy .........................................................................130 5.4.2. Przyk�ady walk parlamentarnych o kszta�t ustaw socjalnych ......131 5.4.3. Sanacja wobec polityki spo�ecznej ..............................................133 5.4.4. Empiryczne kszta�towanie polityki spo�ecznej ............................134 5. 5. Empiryzm W. Zawadzkiego..............................................................136 5. 6. Paternalizm A. Heydla ......................................................................140 5. 7. Demokratyzacja polityki spo�ecznej F. Zweiga ................................142 5. 8. Antyegalitaryzm w Polsce socjalizmu realnego................................145 5. 9. Biurokratyzacja wsp�czesnej polityki spo�ecznej pa�stwa..............145 5.10. Podsumowanie ..................................................................................151 My�l narodowa, agraryzm i konserwatyzm a polityka spo�eczna................152 6.1. Warto�ci w my�li narodowej ..............................................................152 6.2. Kwestie spo�eczne S. G��bi�skiego (1913r.) .....................................153 6.3. Kwestia robotnicza R. Dmowskiego..................................................155 6.4. Agraryzm............................................................................................156 6.5. Konserwatyzm....................................................................................159 6.5.1. Kwestie definicyjne .....................................................................159 6.5.2. Zasady konserwatyzmu................................................................160 6.5.3. Diagnoza sytuacji.........................................................................161 6.5.4. Program dzia�a� socjalnych .........................................................163 7. Socjalizm i jego niekt�re szko�y spo�eczne.......................................................169 7.1. Socjalizm utopijny .............................................................................169 7.2. Anarchizm..........................................................................................170 7.3 Socjalizm bezpa�stwowy E. Abramowskiego ....................................171 7.4. Marksizm ...........................................................................................173 7.5. Sp�r o podmiotowo�� zwi�zk�w zawodowych w socjalizmie pa�stwowym...............................................................174 7.5.1. Anarchosyndykalizm ...................................................................175 7.5.2. Postulat upa�stwowienia zwi�zk�w zawodowych ......................176 7.5.3. Platforma leninowska...................................................................177 7.6. Socjalizacja kapitalizmu E. Heimanna...............................................178 7.7. Reformizm Z. Daszy�skiej -Gol i�skiej...............................................182 7.8. Socjalizm gminny K. Krzeczkowskiego ............................................185 7.9. Humanizacja polityki spo�ecznej J. Hochfelda ..................................187 7.10. Trzecia droga A. Giddensa.................................................................189 8. Doktryna socjalna Ko�cio�a katolickiego i prawos�awnego.........................192 8.1. Natura teologiczna .............................................................................192 8.2. Wymiary nauki spo�ecznej Ko�cio�a katolickiego.............................193 8.3. Metodologia nauki spo�ecznej............................................................193 8.4. Zwi�zek nauki spo�ecznej z innymi naukami ....................................193 8.5. Przedmiot nauki spo�ecznej................................................................194 8.6. Pocz�tki katolicyzmu spo�ecznego ....................................................194 8.7. Pierwsze encykliki spo�eczne.............................................................195 8.8. Katolicki personalizm spo�eczny .......................................................198 8.9. Encykliki II Soboru Watyka�skiego ..................................................199 8.10. Encykliki posoborowe........................................................................201 8.11. Zasady nauki spo�ecznej Ko�cio�a .....................................................204 8.12. Rezonans doktryny socjalnej Ko�cio�a katolickiego..........................206 8.13. Doktryna spo�eczna prawos�awia........................................................207 9. Katolicyzm spo�eczny w Polsce...................................................................211 9.1. Okres I-lata 1832-1864.....................................................................211 9.2. Okres II - lata 1865-1918 ...................................................................212 9.3. Okres III - lata 1918-1939..................................................................214 9.3.1. Podmiotowo�� robotnik�w ..........................................................214 9.3.2. Proletaryzm..................................................................................216 9.3.3. Etyka pracy ..................................................................................217 9.3.4. Akcja Katolicka ...........................................................................217 9.3.5. Podsumowanie .............................................................................218 9.4. Okres powojenny - Ko�ci� jako aksjologiczny podmiot polityki spo�ecznej ..............................................................................219 9.4.1. Czas pracy....................................................................................220 9.4.2. Kodeks pracy ...............................................................................221 9.4.3. Sprawy robotnicze .......................................................................221 9.4.4. Mechanizmy demoralizacji spo�ecznej ........................................223 9.4.5. Demografia i rodzina w memoria�ach Episkopatu.......................224 9.4.6. Koncepcje nowego �adu spo�ecznego ..........................................228 9.4.7. S. Wyszy�ski wobec �Solidarno�ci"............................................229 10. Ekorozw�j ..................................................................................................231 10.1. Ekorozw�j - rozw�j zr�wnowa�ony..................................................231 10.2. Kierunek ewolucji kwestii spo�ecznej................................................232 10.3. Zieloni jako przyk�ad nowego ruchu socjopolitycznego....................233 10.3.1. Propozycje rozwi�za� ................................................................237 10.4. Zieloni w Polsce................................................................................240 II. PODMIOTY POLITYKI SPO�ECZNEJ I ICH AKTYWNO�� Uwagi wst�pne ......................................................................................................243 11. Organizacja Narod�w Zjednoczonych jako podmiot globalnej polityki spo�ecznej .....................................................................................245 11.1. Rada Gospodarczo-Spo�eczna ONZ ................................................248 11.2. Mi�dzynarodowa Organizacja Pracy - ILO.....................................249 11.3. Organizacja Narod�w Zjednoczonych do Spraw Wy�ywienia i Rolnictwa - FAO......................................252 11.4. Organizacja Narod�w Zjednoczonych do spraw O�wiaty, Nauki i Kultury - UNESCO.............................................254 11.5. �wiatowa Organizacja Zdrowia - WHO..........................................256 11.6. Mi�dzynarodowy Bank Odbudowy i Rozwoju - IBRD ..................259 11.7. Mi�dzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy - EMF ..................................260 11.8. Fundusz Narod�w Zjednoczonych Pomocy Dzieciom -UNICEF........................................................................................260 11.9. Program Narod�w Zjednoczonych ds. Rozwoju - UNDP...............264 11.10. Centrum Narod�w Zjednoczonych ds. Osiedli Ludzkich -Habitat...........................................................................................265 11.11. Wysoki Komisarz Narod�w Zjednoczonych ds. Uchod�c�w -UNHCR ........................................................................................265 11.12. Mi�dzynarodowy Program ONZ ds. Kontroli Narkotyk�w -UNDCP.........................................................................................267 11.13. �wiatowy Program �ywno�ciowy - WFP .......................................267 11.14. Instytut Narod�w Zjednoczonych dla Szkolenia i Bada� - UNITAR ...................................................268 11.15. Fundusz Narod�w Zjednoczonych ds. Dzia�alno�ci Populacyjnej -UNFPA.........................................269 11.16. Instytut Badawczy Narod�w Zjednoczonych dla Rozwoju Spo�ecznego - UNRISD.............................................270 12. Instytucje europejskiej polityki spo�ecznej ...............................................272 12.1. Rada Europy.....................................................................................272 12.2. Unia Europejska...............................................................................273 12.2.1. Rada Unii Europejskiej...............................................................275 12.2.2. Komisja Europejska....................................................................275 12.2.3. Trybuna� Sprawiedliwo�ci .........................................................276 12.2.4. Komitet Ekonomiczno-Spo�eczny .............................................280 12.2.5. Parlament Europejski .................................................................280 12.2.6. Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich...................................................282 12.3. Europejskie modele polityki spo�ecznej...........................................282 12.4. Europejskie fundusze strukturalne ...................................................287 12.5. Polityka spo�eczna w zintegrowanej Europie...................................293 12.5.1. Bia�a Ksi�ga edukacji i kszta�cenia............................................300 12.5.2. Europejskie uczelnie wobec nowych wyzwa�...........................302 13. Pa�stwowe podmioty polskiej polityki spo�ecznej ....................................306 13.1. Prawa socjalne w Konstytucji z 2.04.1997r.....................................306 13.2. Podmioty ustawodawcze polityki spo�ecznej...................................317 13.2.1. Sejm i Senat ...............................................................................317 13.3. Podmioty wykonawcze polityki spo�ecznej .....................................320 13.3.1. Prezydent ...................................................................................320 13.3.2. Prezes Rady Ministr�w..............................................................321 13.3.3. Rz�dowe Centrum Studi�w Strategicznych...............................322 13.3.4. Minister Finans�w .....................................................................324 13.3.5. Minister Pracy i Polityki Spo�ecznej..........................................325 13.3.5.1. Zak�ad Ubezpiecze� Spo�ecznych .....................................329 G��wne problemy pozostaj�ce w gestii Ministra Pracy i Polityki Spo�ecznej...................................330 13.3.6. Minister Spraw Wewn�trznych i Administracji.........................347 13.3.7. Minister Edukacji Narodowej i Sportu.......................................349 Edukacja jako istotny segment polityki spo�ecznej............350 13.3.8. Minister Sprawiedliwo�ci ..........................................................354 13.3.9. Minister Zdrowia .......................................................................356 Zdrowie jako kluczowy segment polityki spo�ecznej.........356 13.3.9.1. Pa�stwowa Inspekcja Sanitarna.........................................367 13.3.10. Minister Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi..........................................369 Polityka spo�eczna wobec wsi............................................369 13.3.11. Urz�d Mieszkalnictwa i Rozwoju Miast..................................376 Mieszkalnictwo jako segment polityki spo�ecznej.............376 13.4. Podmioty kontrolne polityki spo�ecznej............................................383 13.4.1. Najwy�sza Izba Kontroli..........................................................383 13.4.2. Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich.................................................385 13.4.3. Rzecznik Praw Dziecka ...........................................................391 13.4.4. Pa�stwowa Inspekcja Pracy.....................................................392 13.5. Podmioty s�downicze polityki spo�ecznej .........................................394 13.5.1. Trybuna� Konstytucyjny ..........................................................394 13.5.2. S�dy pracy i ubezpiecze� spo�ecznych ....................................401 13.5.3. S�dy rodzinno-opieku�cze.......................................................402 14. Fundusze celowe i sk�adkowe w polityce spo�ecznej ................................404 14.1. Fundusz Gwarantowanych �wiadcze� Pracowniczych .....................406 14.2. Fundusz Pracy....................................................................................407 14.3. Fundusz Ubezpiecze� Spo�ecznych ...................................................409 14.4. Fundusz Rezerwy Demograficznej ....................................................410 14.5. Kasa Rolniczego Ubezpieczenia Spo�ecznego....................................410 14.6. Pa�stwowy Fundusz Rehabilitacji Os�b Niepe�nosprawnych ...........413 14.7. Fundusz Alimentacyjny (do 2001r.) i zmiany ustawowe....................415 14.8. Pa�stwowy Fundusz Kombatant�w ...................................................416 14.9. Krajowy Fundusz Mieszkaniowy.......................................................417 15. Samorz�d terytorialny jako lokalny podmiot polityki spo�ecznej..............421 15.1. Organizacja idei samorz�dno�ci..........................................................421 15.2. Powiatowe Centra Pomocy Rodzinie a rodzina..................................423 15.3. Pomoc spo�eczna.................................................................................432 15.4. Ub�stwo w �rodowisku lokalnym.......................................................443 15.5. Bezdomno�� jako problem pomocy spo�ecznej..................................454 15.6. Zako�czenie........................................................................................461 16. Pozapa�stwowe podmioty polityki spo�ecznej ..........................................463 17. Zako�czenie - prognoza polskiej polityki spo�ecznej ...............................481 17.1. Ograniczenia w prognozowaniu.........................................................481 17.2. Prognozowanie poprzez scenariusze..................................................483 17.3. Warunki prognozowania scenariuszy.................................................484 17.4. Zmiana ustroju jako przes�anka do prognozowania...........................485 17.5. Scenariusze polityki spo�ecznej .........................................................487 17.5.1. Scenariusz liberalny ...................................................................488 17.5.2. Scenariusz neoliberalny (liberalizm socjalny) ...........................491 17.5.3. Scenariusz neosolidarno�ci spo�ecznej ......................................495 17.6. Zako�czenie -jaki wyb�r? ................................................................497 Aneks - Mi�dzynarodowe dokumenty dotycz�ce polityki spo�ecznej ................499 A. Dokumenty ONZ ............................................................................................499 1. Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Cz�owieka (1948)..............................499 2. Pakty Praw Cz�owieka (1966) ..........................................................504 � 3. Konwencja o Prawach Dziecka (1989).............................................509 4. Wykaz ratyfikowanych przez Polsk� Konwencji Mi�dzynarodowej Organizacji Pracy................................................523 B. Dokumenty Rady Europy ..............................................................................527 1. Europejska Karta Spo�eczna (1961-1996) ........................................527 2. Europejska Karta Samorz�du Terytorialnego (1985) .......................542 3. Europejska Konwencja o Statusie Prawnym Dziecka Pozama��e�skiego (1975)...................................................549 4. Europejska Konwencja o Przysposobieniu Dzieci (1967)................551 5. Konwencja Ramowa o Ochronie Mniejszo�ci Narodowych..............556 6. Europejska Konwencja o Wykonywaniu Praw Dzieci.......................561 C. Dokumenty Unii Europejskiej.......................................................................569 1. Karta Socjalna Wsp�lnoty Europejskiej (1989)................................569 2. Wyci�g z Traktatu Ustanawiaj�cego Wsp�lnot� Europejsk� (Amsterdam 1997).....................................573 Bibliografia polska ................................................................................................580 Wydawnictwa periodyczne....................................................................................588 Bibliografia obcoj�zyczna.....................................................................................589 Indeks nazwisk ......................................................................................................594 Indeks rzeczowy.....................................................................................................600 Spis tabel, wykres�w i schemat�w........................................................................607 Streszczenie w j�zyku angielskim .........................................................................609 SOCIAL POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface to the 3 rd edition....................................................................................... 17 I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL POLICY 1. Social policy as an activity and a branch of science.................................... 21 1.1. Roots of social policy......................................................................... 21 1.2. Scientific attitudes towards the conflict between capital and labour ................................................................ 22 1.3. The notion of social policy in pre-war Poland ................................... 23 1.4. The notion of social policy in post-war Poland.................................. 28 1.5. Social policy under Stalinism............................................................. 31 1.6. Science of social policy 1957-1989 ................................................... 32 1.7. Science of social policy si�ce 1989 ................................................... 38 1.8. M. Weber and his criti�ue of the social sciences ............................... 40 1.9. The axiological response.................................................................... 45 1.10. Adherents of a scientific compromise................................................ 47 1.11. The place of social policy in the system of sciences.......................... 49 1.12. Forerunners of the science of social policy........................................ 53 1.13. Summary ............................................................................................ 59 The social question as a subject of the science of social policy................... 61 2.1. Social question as a generic cost of the progress ............................... 61 2.2. Scientific tradition of the notion of the social question...................... 62 2.2.1. Evolutionary approach towards social question.......................... 62 2.2.2. A asymmetry theory.................................................................... 63 2.2.3. A inequality theory ..................................................................... 64 2.2.4. The theory of social contradictions.............................................. 67 2.2.5. The theory of imperfection of social order .................................. 68 2.3. Dimensions of the social question...................................................... 71 2.3.1. The local dimension..................................................................... 71 2.3.2. The national dimension................................................................ 73 2.3.3. The global dimension................................................................... 76 2.4. The Polish social question in the 20* century.................................... 78 2.4.1. The dual meaning of the social question...................................... 78 2.4.2. The social question lacks history ................................................. 79 2.4.3. Subject-oriented approach towards the social question ............... 80 2.4.4. Object-oriented approach towards the social question................. 83 2.5. A trial definition of the social question .............................................. 86 2.6. Summary ............................................................................................ 89 The social question in programmes created during the German occupation (1939-1944)................................................ 92 3.1. The search of a new order................................................................... 92 3.2. Socialist (non-Communist) concepts ................................................. 92 3.3. Nationalist concepts ........................................................................... 94 3.4. Christian-democratic concepts........................................................... 96 3.5. Agrarian concepts .............................................................................. 97 Doctrines of social policy ............................................................................ 99 4.1. Doctrines of social policy as a research problem............................... 99 4.2. Functions of doctrines of social policy ..............................................103 4.3. Some methodological problems of doctrines of social policy ...........107 Liberalism and some of its schools of social thought ..................................110 5.1. Assumptions and trends .....................................................................110 5.2. The British model of libera� social policy of the state .......................115 5.2.1. Evolution of the social role of the state........................................115 5.2.2. Education as a way of renewing life chances ..............................117 5.3. The German model of social market economy ..................................120 5.3.1. Post-war conditions: in search of a new order .............................120 5.3.2. Principles of social market economy ...........................................122 5.3.3. Social market economy in practice ..............................................124 5.3.4. The principle of plurality in social policy....................................126 5.4. Social empirism of the Polish state, 1918-1939 ................................130 5.4.1. The dispute concerning working hours........................................130 5.4.2. Examples of parliamentary disputes concerning social legislation ..........................................................................131 5.4.3. The Pi�sudski regime and social policy........................................133 5.4.4. Empirical shaping of social policy...............................................134 5.5. Empirism (W. Zawadzki)...................................................................136 5.6. Paternalism (A. Heydel).....................................................................140 5.7. Democratisation of social policy according to F. Zweig ...................142 5.8. Anti-egalitarism in Poland under the "real" Socialism ......................145 5.9. Bureaucratisation of the contemporary social policy of the state..........................................................................................145 5.10. Summary ............................................................................................151 Polish nationalist thought, agrarism, conservatism versus social policy .....152 6.1. Values in nationalist thought..............................................................152 6.2. Social questions according to S. G��bi�ski (1913) ............................153 6.3. The workers' question according to R. Dmowski..............................155 6.4. Agrarism.............................................................................................156 6.5. Conservatism......................................................................................159 6.5.1. Problems with definitions ..........................................................159 6.5.2. Principles of conservatism .........................................................160 6.5.3. A conservatist diagnose .............................................................161 6.5.4. A program of social actions .......................................................163 Socialism and some of its schools of social thought....................................169 7.1. Utopian Socialism..............................................................................169 7.2. Anarchism ..........................................................................................170 7.3. State-less Socialism (E. Abramowski)...............................................171 7.4. Marxism .............................................................................................173 7.5. The debat� on autonomy of trade unions in a Socialist state...............................................................................174 7.5.1. Anarcho-syndicalism ...................................................................175 7.5.2. The postulate of etatisation of trade unions .................................176 7.5.3. The Leninist platform ..................................................................177 7.6. Socialisation of Capitalism according to E. Heimann........................178 7.7. Reformism (Z. Daszy�ska-Goli�ska).................................................182 7.8. Communal Socialism (K. Krzeczkowski)..........................................185 7.9. Humanisation of social policy (J. Hochfeld)......................................187 7.10. The third way of A. Giddens..............................................................189 8. Social doctrine of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches..............................192 8.1. Its theological natur�...........................................................................192 8.2. Dimensions of the social doctrine of the Church ................................193 8.3. The methodology of the social doctrine..............................................193 8.4. Links between the social doctrine and other Church's teachings..............................................................193 8.5. The subject of the social doctrine........................................................194 8.6. Origins of social Catholicism..............................................................194 8.7. The first social encyclicals..................................................................195 8.8. Catholic social personalism.................................................................198 8.9. Encyclicals of Vatican II.....................................................................199 8.10. Post-Council encyclicals ....................................................................201 8.11. Principles of the social doctrine of the Church ..................................204 8.12. Resonance of the social doctrine of the Church.................................206 8.13. Orthodox social doctrine....................................................................207 9. Social Catholicism in Poland .......................................................................211 9.1. lst period, 1832-1864.........................................................................211 9.2. 2nd period, 1865-1918 ........................................................................212 9.3. 3rd period, 1918-1939 ........................................................................214 9.3.1. Workers' autonomy .....................................................................214 9.3.2. Proletarism...................................................................................216 9.3.3. Labourethics................................................................................217 9.3.4. Catholic Action ............................................................................218 9.3.5. Summary ......................................................................................218 9.4. The post-war period: the Church as an axiological subject of social policy .................................................................................................219 9.4.1. Working hours .............................................................................220 9.4.2. The Labour Cod� .........................................................................221 9.4.3. Workers' problems.......................................................................221 9.4.4. Mechanisms of social demoralisation ..........................................223 9.4.5. Demography and family in memorials of the Episcopate..........................................................................224 9.4.6. Concepts of a new social order ....................................................228 9.4.7. Cardinal S. Wyszy�ski and the �Solidarity" movement ..............229 10. Eco-development........................................................................................231 10.1. Eco-development - sustainable development...........................231 10.2. The direction of evolution of social �uestion...................................232 10.3. The Greens as an example of new socio-political movements ........233 10.3.1. Proposed solutions .....................................................................237 10.4. The Greens in Poland.......................................................................240 II. ACTORS OF SOCIAL POLICY AND THEIR WORK Introductory remarks .............................................................................................243 11. The United Nations as an institution of global social policy .....................245 11.1. UN Social and Economic Council ...................................................248 11.2. International Labour Organisation (TLO).........................................249 11.3. UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) ...............................252 11.4. UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) ............................................254 11.5. World Health Organisation (WHO) .................................................256 11.6. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)................................................................259 11.7. International Monetary Fund (IMF).................................................260 11.8. UN Children's Fund (UNICEF).......................................................260 11.9. UN Development Programme (UNDP) ...........................................264 11.10. UN United Nations Conference on Huma� Settlements (Habitat)......................................................265 11.11. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)............................265 11.12. UN Drugs Control Programme (UNDCP) .......................................267 11.13. World Food Programme (WFP).......................................................267 11.14. UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) ........................268 11.15. UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)..................................269 11.16. UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).............270 12. Institutions of European social policy........................................................272 12.1. Council of Europ� ............................................................................272 12.2. European Union ...............................................................................273 12.2.1. Council of the European Union ...............................................275 12.2.2. European Commission .............................................................275 12.2.3. European Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Communities) ................................................276 12.2.4. Social and Economic Committee.............................................280 12.2.5. European Parliament................................................................280 12.2.6. The European Ombudsman......................................................282 12.3. European models of social policy ....................................................282 12.4. European structurai funds ................................................................287 12.5. Social policy in integrated Europ� .....................................................293 12.5.1. White Paper on education and training "Teaching and learning � Towards the learning society" .........................300 12.5.2. New challenges for European universities.................................302 13. Government actors of Polish social policy ................................................306 13.1. Social rights in the Constitution of April 2nd, 1997..........................306 13.2. Legislative actors of social policy ....................................................317 13.2.1. Sejm and Senate.........................................................................317 13.3. Executive actors of social policy......................................................320 13.3.1. President.....................................................................................320 13.3.2. Prime Minister ...........................................................................321 13.3.3. Government Centr� for Strategie Studies ..................................322 13.3.4. Minister of Finance....................................................................324 13.3.5. Minister of Labour and Social Policy ........................................325 13.3.5.1. Social Insurance Bureau (ZUS) .........................................329 13.3.6. Minister of Inner Affairs and Administration ............................347 13.3.7. Minister of National Education..................................................349 Education as a key segment of social policy......................350 13.3.8. Minister of Justice......................................................................356 13.3.9. Minister of Health.......................................................................356 Health as a key segment of social policy............................356 13.3.9.1. State Sanitary Inspection....................................................367 13.3.10. Minister of Agriculture and Development of Rural Areas.......369 Social policy and Rural Areas............................................369 13.3.11. Minister of Regional Development and Construction..............376 Social policy as a segment of Construction........................376 13.4. Controlling actors of social policy ...................................................383 13.4.1. Suprem� Chamber of Control ....................................................383 13.4.2. Ombudsman ...............................................................................385 13.4.3. Children's Ombudsman .............................................................391 13.4.4. State Inspection of Labour.........................................................392 13.5. Judicial actors of social policy .........................................................394 13.5.1. Constitution Court......................................................................394 13.5.2. Courts of labour and social insurance........................................401 13.5.3. Family and guardianship courts .................................................402 14. Special and contribution funds in social policy .........................................404 14.1. Fund of Guaranteed Performances forWorkers' .............................406 14.2. Labour Fund.....................................................................................407 14.3. Social Insurance Fund......................................................................409 14.4. Demographic Reserve Fund .............................................................410 14.5. Contribution Fund of Social Insurance of Framers..........................410 14.6. State Revalidation Fund ...................................................................413 14.7. Alimony Fund ..................................................................................415 14.8. State Veterans' Fund........................................................................416 14.9. National Housing Fund institution....................................................417 15. Self-government as a local actor of social policy ......................................421 15.1. Organisation of the idea of self government.......................................421 15.2. Regional Centres of family help an the Family...........................423 15.3. Social Aid.....................................................................432 15.4. Poverty m the local environment....................................:...................443 15.5. Homelessness as a problem of social aid............................................454 15.6. Conclusions.........................................................................................461 16. Non-government actors of social policy ....................................................463 17. Closing: a forecast of social policy on Poland...........................................481 17.1. Limitations of forecasts....................................................................481 17.2. Forecasting by scenarios ..................................................................483 17.3. Conditions of forecasting by scenarios ............................................484 17.4. Change of political system as an assumption of forecasts ...............485 17.5. Scenarios for social policy ...............................................................487 17.5.1. The libera� scenario....................................................................488 17.5.2. The neo-liberal scenario (social liberalism)...............................491 17.5.3. A scenario of a new social solidarity .........................................495 17.6. Closing: which choice? ....................................................................497 Annex. International documents on social policy .................................................499 A. UN Documents................................................................................................499 1. Universal Declaration of Huma� Rights (1948) ................................499 2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).............504 3. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) ............................509 4. �O conventions ratified by Poland...................................................523 B. Documents of the Council of Europ�............................................................527 1. European Social Charter (1961-1996) ...............................................528 2. European Charter of Local Self-Government (1985).........................542 3. European Convention on the Lega� Status of Children Born Out of Wedlock (1975)..........................................549 4. European Convention on the Adoption of Children (1967) .............................................................................551 5. Framework Convention on the protection of National Minorities......556 6. European Convention on the Execution of Childers's Rights............561 C. EU Documents................................................................................................569 1. EU Social Charter (1989)...................................................................569 2. An excerpt from the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) ............................573 Polish bibliography ..........................................................................................580 Periodical publishers.........................................................................................588 Foreign bibliography........................................................................................589 Name index ......................................................................................................594 Subject index.....................................................................................................600 List of tables and graphs...................................................................................607 English summary..............................................................................................609 Przedmowa 17 Przedmowa do wydania III Od drugiego wydania Polityki spo�ecznej min�y dwa lata. Praca ta ponownie spotka�a si� z odzewem, kt�ry motywowa� autora do przejrzenia i aktualizacji poprzedniego wydania o nowe tre�ci. Tempo zmian, a